Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) Practice Exam 2025 – The All-in-One Guide for Exam Success

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Which of the following best describes the specificity of the association in Hill's Criteria?

A broad connection between many factors and outcomes

A very specific relationship between a cause and effect

The specificity of the association in Hill's Criteria refers to a very specific relationship between a cause and effect. This criterion suggests that if an exposure is truly causal, it should be associated with a specific outcome, rather than multiple outcomes. When specificity is demonstrated, it indicates that a particular risk factor leads to one specific disease or health outcome, providing stronger evidence for a causal relationship.

This is significant in epidemiology and research as it helps in identifying direct cause-effect relationships, which can be crucial for public health interventions and understanding disease mechanisms. A specific cause-effect relationship emphasizes that certain exposures are uniquely tied to certain outcomes, further strengthening the case for causality in epidemiological studies.

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Multiple potential causes for a single outcome

A lack of correlation

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